Hey, we'' re right here once more, aren ' t we? Um, let ' s dive right into it because I ' ve. obtained some stuff I wish to discuss today.
Um, allow ' s proceed and also have a look at those. petty cash money problems that I designated. Um, for research.
And I think that the very first one that we did. was', fast study, help me out people, fast study 8-4. Allow ' s do quick study 8-4, ok. Alright quick research study 8-4 once again we use petty. cash for smaller sized disbursements so we wear ' t need to go through the entire voucher approvement.
process. Quick research study 8-4, the petty money fund of the.
Rio agency is established at $75. At the end of the current period the fund.
had 14 dollars and had the following receipts, film rentals 19 bucks, refreshments.
for meetings 23, both of those will certainly be in entertainment cost, postage 6 dollars,.
and also printing 13 dollars. Prepare the journal access to tape the facility.
of the fund and additionally the compensation at the end of the existing duration. Ok, and also then they ask us another inquiry.
Ok, debit, minor cash money, debt money for 75. Ok, currently it'' s time to repay it. Let ' s do those three steps like I informed you.
there? 61, so we credit rating money for 61, not petty money,.
we credit money for 61 dollars, ok? Alright that'' s the initial step,
the following action. is we experience and also just visualize ourselves experiencing these invoices and we ' re going. to tape them in the
books.Ok? Um, we have home entertainment expense, I'' ll abbreviate.
a little bit. Enjoyment expense for 42 bucks for those.
Currently we'' re done videotaping those? The third action is to ask ourselves, does that.
journal access equilibrium? Does it balance? Ok, great, it balances. Alright, so we put on'' t need to debit or credit score. money over or short, do we? Experience these actions though. And do them in the order that I told you. I believe you will always save yourselves some.
errors. Alright, the various other thing it asks is, when.
do we, um when do we, what would certainly be the 2 events that cause a petty cash money account to.
be credited in a journal entrance? To be attributed, the account minor money. Currently recalling at the Elmo, we did not credit scores.
it to renew it, did we? We credited cash money. So both events are if we reduce the amount.
in our minor cash money fund, we choose we put on'' t intend to keep 75 bucks in there, perhaps just.
50.
Or we do away with the petty cash money fund entirely. The 2nd situation is just kind of if.
Mostly it'' s simply if you decrease the fund;
. Ok, allowed'' s leap over then to- allow'' s do 8-6,. 19 bucks, shipment expenditure 36, and various.
cost 53. They utilize the perpetual inventory system when.
making up goods. Prepare journal access to develop the fund,.
Number two to compensate it, and also 3 to both compensate the fund and raise it to 500.
dollars on January 8th, assuming no entrance partly two. And it claims tip, make two separate journal.
access for part three.Ok, well let ' s do that real quick. Alright, . Ok to develop the minor money fund- to develop.
the minor cash money fund for-am I on the ideal one? Nope, sorry. To develop the petty cash fund we debit.
petty money and also credit score cash money for 2 hundred dollars. ? Ok, now I'' m not gon na overcome this following.
one, I'' m gon na overcome 8-5 utilizing the three steps. But if you work via these actions on workout.
8-6 to replenish the fund, that is your journal entrance, right? Ok, currently here'' s kinda the tricky point that.
they did. Keep in mind if you pay for transport- think.
back to phase 5, if you pay transport on goods stock, keep in mind how we.
debit goods supply itself. Several of might have debited transport.
cost or delivery expenditure. You see what I'' m claiming? Well, I most likely wouldn ' t ask that on'a test,. I don ' t like to ask it because fashion.
That one could ' ve deceived you a little. bit.But we do debit merchandise stock. You bear in mind that, from chapter 5? So that is the journal entrance to replenish. it. Ok, any questions on that? Ok, and also what was the third point they asked? What happens if we repay as well as raise it to 500? Well, if you repay it it ' s mosting likely to be.
The same journal entry? That'' s to compensate it. And what did we originally establish this.
And also currently we'' re going to raise it to what,. We just require to debit petty cash money for 300.
as well as debt cash money for 300. Currently you could integrate these 2 entries, but.
I constantly would suggest you to refrain from doing it, I assume you'' ll perplex yourself. , if you combined them on a test and every little thing.
.
netted out so it coincided, no matter whether you did it in 2 entrances or one entry,.
That would certainly be okay. However I actually would encourage you to do this in.
2 separate access. I think it'' s much less complicated. Does that make sense? Ok, any type of concerns on exercise 8-6? Any questions? Ok, allowed'' s take a look at workout 8-5.
I'' m going to move through this set a little. bit more slow. Exercise 8-5 Hawk Business establishes a 400.
buck petty money fund on September 9th, on September 30 the fund shows 66 in cash along.
with invoices for the complying with expenditures, transportation in. 32, shipping expense 113, assorted expense.
87. The minor cashier can not account for two.
bucks scarcity in the fund, Hawk uses the perpetual system when representing retailing.
stock, They want us to prepare the September 9th entrance to develop the fund, the September.
30 entrance to compensate the fund, as well as an October 1 access to lower the fund to 300 dollars. Ok? Alright, so allow'' s have a look at this. Alright, so. to develop the minor cash fund we ' re mosting likely to debit petty money and also credit score cash, for exactly how.
much? Oops, thank you.400 dollars? Alright, to make sure that ' s to establish the fund.
Now allow ' s work real carefully through the. 3 actions I showed you in relation to renewing a fund. Currently I will certainly tell you I'' ve been doing this several,. several years and also if I'don ' t do these action in this order I constantly wind up making a mistake. Ok? It appears extremely simple as well as it could be the inclination.
to do your debits first as well as after that your credits. Well I want you to ultimately detail them that.
method yet I prompt you to prepare this journal entry to restore it using the action in the.
order that I show you.Ok? Currently the primary step is this, just how much did we.
established the fund for? 200 bucks. When we open up that box how much cash money is in.
Oh, thank you, c'' mon Kreug. When we developed this fund we established.
the fund for 400 dollars, for 400 bucks. When we open that box, just how much money is.
Why doesn'' t that appear? “That'' s appropriate” “Because you go down the two dollars,.
Something doesn'' t appear. Something doesn'' t seem.
grampa, ok? I just got a hairstyle, maybe they stuck the.
scissors as well much right into my head. Allow'' s back entirely up. We establish this petty cash money fund for 400.
bucks, right? We open package, and also you were right, just how.
much cash money is in there? “” 166″” There'' s 166 in there. Exactly how a lot even more cash money do we have to put in.
that box today, to bring it back up to 400 bucks? “” 234″” 234, ok. We attribute money for 234, that'' s our. action. Ok? Currently our 2nd action is picture on your own going.
Currently we had transport in. Where does that go, we learned from last.
time. Merchandise stock, as well as I believe that.
was 32 dollars. Ok? And afterwards we had some shipping expense, right? Just how much shipping expenditure did we have? 113, ok? Then we had another thing to, didn'' t we? Assorted expenditure for 87 dollars.So this is the second action, doing these, right? Step, 2nd step? Currently the third action is to ask ourselves, does.
The debit side needs two bucks. Of program you'' re not going to place minus two.
There'' s never a minus indicator in a journal entrance. And also so what are we going to debit? Cash Over as well as Brief.
cash money shortage there, right? I want you to recognize, they truly.
didn'' t requirement to inform us that.Ok, they really did not need to tell us that. We could have determined that by merely doing.
that third step as well as stating, does this journal entry equilibrium? Alright, but if you do this journal entrance.
in those actions, I believe you'' ll be fine. If you try to do your debits first it gets.
actually complex. Ok? Currently, after that they said if we boost the fund.
to- I'' m sorry decline the fund to 300 dollars. It was at 400, right? So what we would certainly do right here for this 3rd access.
would certainly be to reduce petty money by 100, we put that 100 buck back in examining accounts.
or whatever.Ok? Is that what you all obtained? Sorry for the confusion on that. Any kind of concerns on those? Yeah? “If you come out and you more than 2 bucks,. you just placed both on the credit report side?” Well yeah it ' s going to function, recall at'. that. Ok if you do these actions then you ' ll says. to balance the journal access
there requires to be two dollars on the credit side. Ok? That ' s why it functions beautifully to do these. actions that method. Because it will certainly determine for you if you. have a cash money over or a money shortage.Remember that Cash money Over and Short is an earnings. declaration account, if it has a web debit equilibrium it ' s going to be a cost, if it has an internet. debt equilibrium it will certainly be a profits, and also as long as that account is not that huge you'' re. probably not going to obtain all developed concerning it. I'' m probably not going to stress over two.
bucks, ok? That goes back to the cost/benefit analysis.
On inner controls? Now no one right here'' s ever operated at a financial institution, right? I speak to my pupils that operate at financial institutions as well as.
they do a cash money cabinet account at the end of each shift. Currently they pride themselves at appearing to.
the dime. Now if a teller that is barely ever off is.
off by 5 bucks approximately, they'' re possibly not mosting likely to bother with it way too much. Currently if he or she is off by 5, six, seven.
As well as if they'' re off by a big quantity they'' re. They do this sort of analysis at the end.
Ok? Alright, wonderful.
Let ' s go back to the Powerpoints, and also I want. Currently this phase is on interior controls as well as.
those sort of points. Well our financial institution can be our good friend as much as.
having procedures in area, there'' s points that they do that can assist us safeguard our.
properties. If we use these devices, like anything else,.
if we decide to not utilize them they won'' t be much help.How many right here have an examining account? A lot of you I see with your hands up. Ok? The amount of of you utilize a debit card? The amount of people write checks? Ok, virtually everybody. Ok, well when you opened that checking.
account one thing you did was most likely do a trademark card, as well as you signed your name.
They recognize what your signature looks like and also they keep that in their data. To make sure that is a control that they have. Yet these various things that they have.
deposit tickets, checks, financial institution statements, these act as controls, these are source files.
If the money movement in our account is in fact valid movement, that assist us monitor.
that we wanted. Ok? Now allow'' s come off of that- come off the Powerpoint. for a 2nd. The number of people- what we ' re going to learn. concerning today is a financial institution settlement. What we ' re mosting likely to learn about today is a. bank reconciliation. What is a bank reconciliation? Well I ' ll tell you. Well when you look at a
specific day like. the end of the month, let ' s most likely to the Powerpoint. When you obtain a bank statement at the end of.
the month the balance that it mentions that you have versus the equilibrium that your books.
Claim you have, or your running checking balance, those are going to be different? Correct? Currently, why are those various? Well we'' re mosting likely to discover why those.
Just how lots of individuals do an official bank reconciliation.
of their account? I do. Ok? Nobody else does? Currently I have some pupils state the adhering to,.
Let me tell you individuals, that'' s not a bank settlement. There ' s a whole lot of points you ' re not going to. Ok?
that? No. Suppose you had like a- what if you made a.
50 buck bank on the Chiefs video game and also someone paid you 50 bucks and also you transferred that.
check and also they forgot to place it into your account. See that'' s type of an error of omission isn'' t. it? You might claim and also look, absolutely nothing looks odd,.
well it'' s not on'there. You wear ' t see it. You see what I ' m saying? Currently as poor as it is to not do a bank settlement,. a formal financial institution reconciliation, if you are just an individual, for
a firm it is definitely. the most awful point worldwide to refrain.
I still do some audit consulting, I ' ve. done audit speaking with for 20 years or so.
When, as well as one of the first inquiries I ask. I most likely to a customer is this, I claim can you please supply me and also bring me out your
formal bank. settlements on all your cash accounts.Because a great deal of times they'' ll have four or.
five examining accounts. And the just good response is, yes let me get.
those right currently and also I'' ll be back in two minutes. Ok? If they state we put on'' t do financial institution
settlements,'. or they claim, oh I ' m going to get those'to you yet it ' s going to be a few days. I recognize that I ' m in for
a lengthy consulting engagement,. because they don ' t have control of their money. To refrain a financial institution reconciliation for a business.
is absolutely- you are playing with fire.Most of the scams that I have actually become aware of.
could have been stopped, had the ideal person been doing their bank settlement. Ok? As well as you recognize who that person should be? If it'' s a local business the individual doing. the bank rec. need to be the proprietor of the little company. It ' s not going to be your bookkeeper. If he or she is taking cash and, since.
Ok. Allow me inform you, I'' ve done my own bank reconciliations.
All of them, every solitary one of them were. Currently I'' m not saying the bank is attempting to tear.
my off, I'' m just saying that they tend to capture the things that remain in their favor.
and also not in mine. I'' ll provide you some examples. Once I can bear in mind when I was a complement.
15 years ago I deposited a sign in my account, and I was doing my reconciliation as well as that.
down payment hadn'' t cleared the bank', I didn ' t see it in the records of the financial institution information.And I resembled, well what'' s up keeping that
,. well perhaps I videotaped it twice, or possibly I neglected to deposit it. And also so I looked right into it and I couldn'' t number. out what the bargain was, I called the institution and also stated has this check cleared? As well as they stated, yeah it'' s on our records we. show it ' s been removed. So I had to go to the bank and I needed to fill.
out a kind and also I needed to consider it. Well it transforms out they put that cash into.
the wrong account. It was a 670 buck check. Currently if I wouldn'' t have done that', it
would certainly ' ve. never been caught. Since I was even late on my financial institution recs. It resembled 2 months after the reality. It would certainly not have been caught. Do you recognize what I'' m claiming? Currently I don'' t understand, maybe you guys are richer.
than me but 670 bucks is a lot of cash for me. I'' ll provide you one more example. I have my checking account established up to make sure that.
if I'' m ever before brief cash it simply sweeps it in from my financial savings account.Do you have it that method? And also I recognize every so often, right before.
cash advance I'' m most likely a little low and I'' ll do a couple of debit fees or compose a couple of checks.
and I'' m not also anxious about it because I know if I wear'' t have it in checking I ' ve got. it in cost savings. Well, one-time they neglected I had that and also.
I was doing a financial institution rec. and I saw these 20 dollar charges for over-limits. So I went to the financial institution and also I discussed, you'' ve. obtained charges on here that are not valid. Oh I'' m sorry, and they take them off. If I wouldn'' t have done a bank rec.I wouldn'' t have actually captured those. Ok? Kara? “” Would that basically imply match your checkbook.
to the web thing?”” Yeah, I'' m mosting likely to reveal you how to do that. today. I ' m going to show you what a bank rec. is.
like. Like Kara is saying, this seems fantastic currently.
what precisely are we going to do below? And I'' ll instruct you in a min. I mosted likely to a client of mine as soon as as well as they had.
refrained financial institution reconciliations, official financial institution settlements, for a fifty percent as well as a year. And also I claimed the initial thing we'' re going
to. do, is do our bank settlements. And also they said we wear'' t demand to- well long. story brief is I invested concerning a week doing financial institution reconciliations and also I discovered a 12,000.
They didn ' t notification. I imply when you ' re chatting concerning business. As well as I ' m like you have on your records this.
to obtain burned.It ' s going
to take place. You are mosting likely to shed money, and also if individuals.
swipe cash you are not utilizing the major control that you can need to try to catch them. Ok? And also just perusing on the internet task, is not.
doing a financial institution settlement. Ok? Well what is a financial institution settlement? Well let me inform you. Ok, so you'' ve got these- you get your bank.
statement like at the end of May, as well as the financial institution statement states that you have a balance.
of 2725.92 and also your equilibrium for your general journal or your publication says 2481.18. ?Ok, so what we'' re mosting likely to do below is we ' re. going to do this.'I need to switch this.
Ok, so what we ' re going to do to do a bank. Well what we ' re going to do, is do a settlement. And also there ' s points that the financial institution has actually done.
Now what kind of integrating product do we need.
to chat concerning? Well, there are points that require to be adjusted. on the bank statement ' s side, or on the bank ' s side. Things over on the left side,'in the yellow.
box, these are points that are on our record yet the financial institution doesn ' t know about them yet.For instance, let ' s state at'the very end of. May, at May 31st,
we'did a deposit after 3 p.m. We have that on our books. That ' s called a deposit en route, a deposit. we ' ve made, yet it does not yet appear on the financial institution.
We require to include that to the financial institution side. Ok, a huge one is impressive checks? So it hasn ' t shown up on the'financial institution statement.It eventually is?
That ' s called an outstanding check. Are you with me? Well any type of check that you ' ve written and deducted. from your books, that doesn ' t turn up on the bank statement is called an impressive check. as well as we require to deduct it from the financial institution statement equilibrium. Are you with me? And afterwards obviously we need to seek any type of. financial institution mistakes', like I told you the wrong costs that the bank was providing to my account.
for over-limits when they shouldn ' t have actually done that, they ought to have simply been sweeping. cash from my other account.
Those are financial institution errors. Well, what about the things that we'require to. readjust on our side? Perhaps the financial institution understands concerning these however we don ' t. Those would be the
points on heaven side,. on the right side of the screen.Such as, a collection by the bank. Every once in a while an organization will certainly have a. financial institution work to collect a note receivable'for them.
And also sometimes they put on ' t understand that that note. Well that ' s something we require to include to the. Well they ' ve currently tape-recorded that and also added.
it to your account, your simply locating out about it so you need to include it to guide.
side. What about nonsufficient funds checks? Well allow me inform you what that is, come off.
the PowerPoint for a 2nd. Allow'' s state client- allow ' s just make up a client,. and let ' s claim he ' s a genuine . Ok? Allow ' s just claim there ' s a consumer named Jeff. Alden and also he'' s a genuine deadbeat
. Alright? He is, he ' s a friend of mine.Ok, so anyway, he pays me a check of 300 dollars,. for solutions that I provided to this consumer.
Right? And also I assume that that check is going to.
be great. So I increase my publications by 300 bucks, my. general journal, and I placed the check in the'financial institution.
Well presume what the check equilibriums- I ' m sorry. It ' s an NSF check. You see what I ' m stating?
A bank service cost when you obtain your declaration? And you require to deduct that. You might look for any kind of book errors that.
you could have made. Ok? Transposition mistakes or something like that. Now, I will certainly tell you, more as well as even more financial institutions.
are sending their bank declarations electronically. Ok, now perhaps I'' m a little bit traditional,.
that'' s great if they want to do that, yet I actually motivate you to do a formal written.
financial institution reconciliation. You can do it on excel if you desire, yet have.
No, I want a formal financial institution settlement. If they ' re not doing that then they'' re not. Ok?
Correct? Let ' s check out an instance, as well as what you ' re. going to locate is that there ' s two areas to a financial institution reconciliation. This is simply going back to what I revealed you. There ' s the equilibrium per financial institution, which we start. with and get down to an adjusted balance, after we ' ve dealt with those integrating. products on the financial institution side. And there ' s the balance per publications which is. various', and we need to do our resolving things on guides side, and also that gets us. to an adjusted equilibrium. These two numbers ought to be equal, and also when. they are you understand that you did a bank settlement. And you give on your own a Reese ' s peanut butter. cup as your reward. Ok? Alright, let ' s say we are mosting likely to do a July. 31 bank reconciliation statement for Simmons business.
Those are checks we ' ve written we ' ve minimized. We ' re going to have to
deduct subtract from. It ' s kinda hard to do because I can ' t show.
Ok? Yet what we get to is we begin with. that bank balance of 9,610, right? And we start
with our publication balance of 7,430. Currently I showed you a left-right orientation,. ? Their simply doing it a top-bottom settlement. That ' s great, no large deal. Alright, well we added that down payment in transportation,. didn ' t we? Since that required to be added to the publication. side. Now, what about these impressive checks? Well, we require to subtract those, right? Because they ' re eventually mosting likely to be deducted. from the bank side.So this amount is really as well
high, we need.
to readjust for those superior checks.
We additionally require to load off this deposit that.
Let ' s drop to the'book side. We start with 7,430, well we tape this rate of interest.
that we just figured out that we made, plus 30. We have actually a jumped check that we require to deduct,.
Because it didn'' t clear? And also'then there ' s a recording error ok, of
. Now allow ' s look at what that was, this is always.
As soon as we reach the end we have actually a readjusted. equilibrium of 7,207 and also we are happy.Because we ' ve done our financial institution reconciliation,.
ok. And it stabilized to the cent, and I always.
like it to stabilize to the dime.
Leading because I ' m a little anal-retentive,.
yet number 2, allow'' s state it stabilize within a dollar. Well, you could have a thousand dollar mistake.
one way, and also a 999 buck error the other means, right? As well as they might simply be off establishing, so I don'' t. ever before feel great unless it'' s to the cent. You see what I ' m saying? This, Kara going back to you question.
What we'' re seeing on the display, going back.
else comes and also asks for it, you can bring that out with a smile and say, I do a bank.
settlement. I'' m simply informing you individuals, if you don''
t do.'this, if you put on ' t do this on an individual basis you ' re mosting likely to lose cash.
The complete mistakes I ' ve located, I ' ve type of. kept a psychological tally, was 2,200 dollars in my lifetime.For business I can inform you that a person error.
It was someplace in that, I don'' t remember. You ' re going to miss things. The various other point you'' re going to locate is this.
taking from the company. I wager you a hundred dollars she was the one.
who did the bank settlement, I simply bet you. She was creating herself checks or taking things.
out of the account, she would obtain the bank declaration and also no one was checking her work. The bank statement is your best possibility.
as a business owner to check what'' s occurring with the cash account. Ok? Simply looking via online task does.
not reduce it, people. Let'' s claim you ' re a landscape design business and. let ' s state you see some check contacted AJ Topsoil. Well that sounds official, doesn'' t it? Well that AJ Topsoil may be a fictitious.
business that the accountant established and also is paying cash to, for items that are not genuine.
services.She ' s composed a company, that'' s simple,.
I might do that in a hr. You'' re simply looking through it, 800 bucks.
to AJ Topsoil that looks excellent, I understand we have that regularly. That'' s a make believe company, my pals. Do you see what I'' m stating? You can refrain from doing this. Nearly all of the fraud that I'' ve belonged. of -heh, been a part of; not committed, but either read about, like the one you told.
me Anna, or found on a customer, or dealt with on a consulting involvement, every single time the.
situation was, the thief was doing the bank recs. As well as if the proprietor would certainly have been doing the.
financial institution recs.That probably never would certainly have happened. Why didn ' t the proprietor do the bank recs.? Because he counts on the person, right? Similar to they trusted that woman that you.
Live next door to, Anna? I can simply tell you over as well as over and over.
once more, ok? I can not tell you the amount of times I'' ve seen.
it. Please, this is one of the couple of points that.
Ok? Have the bank declarations sent out to your house. and also always do them yourself, it doesn ' t take that long. Or at the minimum, pay an independent outside.
accounting firm to do it. Among my family members operated at a company and also he.
was vice-president of it, they lost 80,000 bucks and indeed, the thief was the.
one doing the financial institution reconciliations as well as she covered her tracks.She had guardianship of the possessions as well as she had. recordkeeping.
I informed them I claimed, you could have paid an.
accounting firm, you might have paid me, 100 dollars a month I could have done them for you,.
you would certainly never ever have actually shed your 80,000. That firm ultimately had to go under, since.
a small organization if you shed 80,000 dollars it can be very, very difficult. Plus, they had legal costs as well as all this various other.
things. Ok, we have a couple of mins left, yet one point.
I intend to show you is this. Look at the display again, for one part of.
this you have to make journal entrances. Can you guess which side, the top or the bottom? You need to make journal entries for the book.
adjustments.For these you have
to make journal access. Ok? For due to the fact that you ' re changing your books ok. those items you simply found out about. Now, so you have to do journal entries. Currently, I assume these shouldn ' t be that hard. She where rate of interest, where we added 30 bucks? Ok, well, half the journal entrances are currently. done, due to the fact that just how do you enhance cash money? You debit it? The other side of that is they ' re going. to credit rating passion income or credit scores rate of interest earned.For those items that are subtracted from the. publication balance, those are going credit cash,
to lower it. And you see that the journal access are therefore. Money was boosted for 30, so the various other side. of that journal entry is a debt to rate of interest income for 30 bucks.
These are products where money was decreased so. we credited money for 253. Below we debited supplies expenditure for the other.
28 dollars, which we should have done initially.
And also we likewise reestablished that consumer ' s. 225 bucks. Due to the fact that, we lowered that account ' s receivable. we believed'they ' d paid, right?
We have to debit, or increase that account ' s. receivable. These are the JEs for
that bank reconciliation. See that 7,207, we ' ll go back to the bank.
be reviewed. Ok? When people put on'' t do that it makes me genuine.
nervous as a consultant.Ok, that is it for bank recs. ok, but we ' re mosting likely to be servicing some. and I desire you to work with these
as homework. And also I desire you to do these formally you ' re. not just making computations you ' re preforming a financial institution settlement. Do you comprehend the difference? Alright, allow me see what I want you all to. do. And after that I ' ll let
you run along.'Ok, for homework let ' s proceed and also do. fast'research 8.6 and exercise 8.9 and also 8.10. So there'' s your research task, ok? I want you to do those; I desire you to do those.
to the very best of your ability. Those won'' t be the only financial institution recs.that we.
do, yet let'' s have you do those, we ' ll go over the responses with each other, and afterwards I'' ll offer.
you some ones that are possibly a little more challenging. Ok, bye-bye individuals.